October 26, 2022
Linux most common script.
Bash Related Commands
Clear the terminal
clear / ctrl + l
Close the terminal
exit / ctrl + d
Reset the terminal
reset
Stop any program
ctrl + c
Sleep any program
ctrl + z
Check the history
ctrl + r / history
Check last 30 commands
history | tail -30
Autocomplete Filename or Folder name
Tab
Autocomplete command
Tab twice
Autocomplete command with options
Tab three times
System Related Commands
Dabian Based Systems
Update the system
sudo apt update
for some older packages
sudo apt-get update
Upgrade the system
sudo apt upgrade
for some older packages
sudo apt-get upgrade
Install a package
sudo apt install package_name
for some older packages
sudo apt-get install package_name
Remove a package
sudo apt remove package_name
for some older packages
sudo apt-get remove package_name
Remove a package and its dependencies
sudo apt autoremove package_name
for some older packages
sudo apt autoremove package_name
Search for a package
apt search package_name
List all installed packages
apt list –installed
List all available packages
apt list
List all available packages with version
apt list –all-versions
Arch Based Systems
Update the system
sudo pacman -Syyu
Install a package
sudo pacman -S package_name
Remove a package
sudo pacman -R package_name
Search for a package
pacman -Ss package_name
List all installed packages
pacman -Q
List all available packages
pacman -Ss
More to come
Check the internet is working
ping google.com
Check System and Kernel version
uname -a
Check System version
cat /etc/os-release
Check Kernel
uname -r
Check hostname
hostname
Check IP address
ip addr
Check IP address (short)
ip a
Check IP address (long)
ip address
See user logged in
who
See username
whoami
Short information of logged in user
users
See all users
cat /etc/passwd
See all groups
cat /etc/group
See all groups of a user
groups username
See all users of a group
getent group groupname
Reboot the system
sudo reboot
Shutdown the system
sudo shutdown -h now / sudo poweroff / sudo halt / sudo init 0 / sudo systemctl poweroff
Check the current date and time
date
Check the current user
whoami
Check the current user’s home directory
echo $HOME
Check the current user’s shell
echo $SHELL
Check the current user’s path / executable paths of system
echo $PATH
Check the current user’s environment variables
env
Check the current user’s environment variables with values
env | grep -i “variable_name”
Check the current user’s environment variables with values in a file
env > env.txt
Check the current user’s environment variables with values in a file with root access
sudo env > env.txt
See the top 10 processes
top
See the top 10 processes with root access and sorted by memory usage
sudo top -o %MEM
See the top 10 processes with root access and sorted by cpu usage
sudo top -o %CPU
See the top 10 processes with root access and sorted by cpu usage and memory usage
sudo top -o %CPU,%MEM
See the top 10 processes with root access and sorted by cpu usage and memory usage and show only the process id and the process name
sudo top -o %CPU,%MEM -p -c
See the current running processes
ps
See the current running processes in a tree format
pstree
Kill a specific process
killall ProcessName
See the system uptime
uptime
See the system uptime in a specific format
uptime -p
See the system monitor
htop
See the system monitor with root access and sorted by memory usage
sudo htop -o %MEM
See the system monitor with root access and sorted by cpu usage
sudo htop -o %CPU
See the system monitor with root access and sorted by cpu usage and memory usage
sudo htop -o %CPU,%MEM
See the system monitor with root access and sorted by cpu usage and memory usage and show only the process id and the process name
sudo htop -o %CPU,%MEM -p -c
See the system monitor with root access and sorted by cpu usage and memory usage and show only the process id and the process name and show the process tree
sudo htop -o %CPU,%MEM -p -c -t
Hardware Related Commands
See the system’s hardware information
sudo lshw
See the system’s hardware information in a specific format
sudo lshw -short
See the system’s hardware information in a specific format and show only the network devices
sudo lshw -short -C network
See the system’s hardware information in a specific format and show only the network devices and show the network devices in a tree format
sudo lshw -short -C network -class network -tree
Check the system’s memory usage
free -h
Check CPU information
lscpu
Check Memory information
sudo dmidecode -t memory
Check Disk information
sudo dmidecode -t memory
Check USB information
lsusb
Check PCI information
lspci
Check Partitions
lsblk
Check Partitions with root access
sudo lsblk
Check Partitions with root access and show only the partitions
sudo lsblk -p
Check Partitions with root access and show only the partitions and show the partitions in a tree format
sudo lsblk -p -t
Mount a partition
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
Unmount a partition
sudo umount /dev/sda1
Mount a partition with root access and show only the partitions and show the partitions in a tree format
sudo lsblk -p -t
Read Write Mount a partition
sudo mount -o rw /dev/sda1 /mnt
File / Directory Related Commands
Create a new directory
mkdir directory-name
Create a new file
touch file-name
Create multiple directories at a time
mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 dir4 dir5
Create multiple files at a time
touch index.html style.css script.js
Delete a directory with all it’s child
rm -rf directory-name
Delete a file
rm filename
List down all the files and directories
ls
List down all the files and directories with all the details
ls -l
List down all the files and directories with all the details and hidden files
ls -la
List down all the files and directories with all the details and hidden files and sort by size
ls -lS
List down all the files and directories with all the details and hidden files and sort by time
ls -lt
List down all the files and directories with all the details and hidden files and sort by time and reverse
ls -ltr
List down all the files and directories with all the details and hidden files and sort by time and reverse and show only 10 files
ls -ltr | head -10
Open a file
cat filename
Open a file with line numbers
cat -n filename
Open a file with line numbers and show only 10 lines
cat -n filename | head -10
Open a file using vim
vim filename
Open a file using vim and show only 10 lines
vim +10 filename
Open a file using nano
nano filename
Open a file using nano and show only 10 lines
nano +10 filename
Open a file using gedit
gedit filename
Count the number of lines in a file
wc -l filename
Print the current working directory
pwd
Change the current working directory
cd directory-name
Change the current working directory to the home directory
cd ~
Change the current working directory to the parent directory
cd ..
Change the current working directory to the root directory
cd /
Copy a file
cp filename newfilename
Copy a file to a directory
cp filename directory-name
Copy a directory
cp -r directory-name newdirectory-name
Copy a directory to a directory
cp -r directory-name directory-name
Move a file
mv filename newfilename
Move a file to a directory
mv filename directory-name
Move a directory
mv -r directory-name newdirectory-name
Move a directory to a directory
mv -r directory-name directory-name
Rename a file
mv filename newfilename
Rename a directory
mv directory-name newdirectory-name
Create a symbolic link
ln -s filename linkname
Create a hard link
ln filename linkname
Create a hard link to a directory
ln -r directory-name linkname
Create a symbolic link to a directory
ln -sr directory-name linkname
Create a file with content
echo “Hello World” > filename
Append content to a file
echo “Hello World” >> filename
Create a file with content and open it using vim
echo “Hello World” > filename && vim filename
Create a file with content and open it using nano
echo “Hello World” > filename && nano filename
Create a file with content and open it using gedit
echo “Hello World” > filename && gedit filename
Create a file with content and open it using cat
echo “Hello World” > filename && cat filename
Create a .tar file
tar -cvf filename.tar directory-name
Create a .tar.gz file
tar -cvzf filename.tar.gz directory-name
Create a .zip file
zip -r filename.zip directory-name
Extract a .tar file
tar -xvf filename.tar
Extract a .tar.gz file
tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz
Extract a .zip file
unzip filename.zip
Find a file
find . -name filename
